Furukawa Handout - Tokyo_Bay_Keita 2-中国南海研究院.pdf

Sustainable Management of Tokyo Bay Keita Furukawa Dr.(Eng.) Tokyo Bay at a Glance (Part 2: Blue Economy) Towards new management model with public participation • Monitoring • COD distribution • Water circulation • Bio diversity • Ecosystem Network / EIA of Haneda Airport Extension • Monitoring campaign / Goby census • Restoration • MLIT: sea-blue, green policy, Adaptive m. • MOE: Revision of Environment Basic Law • FA: 6th industrialization • TB Renaissance Project • TB PPP Forum • Cases: Shibaura-Island • Blue economy • Ocean Crisis • SDGs • BE concept and Effects Monitoring for situation understanding COD distribution Water circulation Bio diversity Ecosystem Network / EIA of Haneda Airport Extension Monitoring campaign / Goby census Tokyo Bay watershed Kanda River Sumida River Naka, Edo River Ichikawa City Ara River Chiba City Tama River Tokyo Metropolitan City Yokohama City Miura Peninsula Ichihara City Kisaradu City 7,500 km2, 26 Coastal cities, 26 million people, 1/3 industries 4 Physical Network: Water Circulation http://www.nilim.go.jp Nakayama (2003) 5 Physical & Biological Network http://www.aist.go.jp/NIRE/~eco-model/eco/ 6 Physical & Chemical Network Long term trend of COD (surface layer) H. Ando (2004), Tokyo Environment Institute 7 Biological Network: Sessile Igarashi & Furukawa (2006) 8 Biological Network: Sessile G7 G6 G5 Poor Biodiversity G8 G9 G10 G12 G11 Decrease Biodiversity Counter Clockwise G4 G3 G13 G2 G1 G14 Sessile Distribution Rich Biodiversity Igarashi & Furukawa (2006) 9 Ecosystem Network: Short-Necked Clam Sanbanse 三番瀬 Eaten by クラゲ等に jellyfishes (25%) 食べられる（25%） 三枚洲～東京港 Sanmaisu - Tokyo Port Chiba Port 千葉港 Haneda – 羽田～横浜 Yokohama Southern 横浜南部 Yokohama 盤洲 Banshu 君津～富津 Kimitsu - Futtsu Schematic representation of short-necked clam networks (Based on the results of numerical calculations) 湾外への流失(16%) Outflows out of the bay (16%) Hinata et.al (2000) 10 WG2: Sea Sanbanze Grazing （25%） Tokyo Port Chiba Haneda Yokohama Banzu Tidalflat Kimitsu Futtsu Flow out (16%) Schematic Image of Asari Network Hinata et.al. 2003 Setting Priority Implementation Area 11 Tokyo Bay Renaissance Project Conference （Decision Making） Organizing Committee 2003-2012 10 years plan 参加機関 内閣官房地域活性化統合事務局、 国土交通省、海上保安庁、農林 水産省、林野庁、水産庁、環境 省、埼玉県、千葉県、東京都、 神奈川県、横浜市、川崎市、千 葉市、さいたま市、相模原市 Tokyo Bay as Friendly, Beautiful, Rich Habitat and Monitoring WG Land WG Comfort Play ground Sea WG 12 Tokyo Bay Renaissance Project The 2nd Phase (2013-2022) Conference （Decision Making） Organizing Committee Land WG Sea WG 2003-2012 10 years plan 参加機関 内閣官房地域活性化統合事務局、 国土交通省、海上保安庁、農林 水産省、林野庁、水産庁、環境 省、埼玉県、千葉県、東京都、 神奈川県、横浜市、川崎市、千 葉市、さいたま市、相模原市 Proposal Monitoring WG Cooperation Fisheries PPP Forum for Tokyo Bay Restoration Gov. Tokyo Bay as Friendly, Beautiful, Rich Habitat for Edo-mae and Comfort Play ground 13 Tokyo Bay Festival 2014 (1,400) , 2015 (92,000), 2016 (98,000) 2017 (34,000), 2018 (105,000) 14 Preliminary attempt of habitat census for goby with public participation W inter Summer pring SA W inter utumn Apr. Nov. March July-–--June Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. March Canal Shallow Canal Shallow Deep Shallow Deep Shallow Canal DeepDeep 15 Preliminary attempt of habitat census for goby with public participation 1960s:１００，０００，０００ gobies Photo by Y. Sawada: Goby fishing boats at Tokyo bay in 1960s 16 Preliminary attempt of habitat census for goby with public participation 1960s: １００，０００，０００ gobies ↓ 2000s:１，０００，０００ gobies Hiyama, 1992 17 Preliminary attempt of habitat census for goby with public participation River Canal Bay Bank 18 Preliminary attempt of habitat census for goby with public participation 19 Preliminary attempt of habitat census for goby with public participation 2012 2013 浦安市 82-91-99-X mm 小名木川 89-97-101-X mm 江戸川放水路 79-98-105-X mm 京浜運河 93-91-115 mm 多摩川 81-105-115-X mm 鶴見川 85-101-115-X mm 盤州周辺 105-110-111 mm 横浜港 X-119-126-129 mm 木更津市 X-111-X-X mm 平潟湾 87-100-115-X mm Rapid Growth Slow Growth Rapid Growth but Small 20 Preliminary attempt of habitat census for goby with public participation Jan.-Mar. Shallow River Canal Canal Intermediate Bay Missing Link? Deep Bank Apr.-June July-Sep. Nov.-Dec. Young Fishing pressure x Temp. is High Juvenile Lack of habitat Young Fishing pressure x NG: Fishing pressure NG: No mud bed Juvenile NG: DO is low Mature Food shortage Hatching NG: Temp. is too low NG: DO is low Mature Food shortage NG: Too shallow Juvenile Hatching? x Conservative Model (Hatching at Winter) Needs control of fishing pressure Preliminary attempt of habitat census for goby with public participation Jan.-Mar. Shallow River Canal Bay Deep Bank July-Sep. Nov.-Dec. Young Fishing pressure x Temp. is High Juvenile Lack of habitat Young Fishing pressure x NG: Fishing pressure NG: No mud bed Juvenile NG: DO is low Mature Food shortage Hatching NG: Temp. is too low NG: DO is low Mature Food shortage NG: Too shallow Juvenile Hatching? Canal Intermediate Apr.-June x Conservative Model (Hatching at Winter) Needs control of fishing pressure Jan.-Mar. Apr.-June x Mature Shallow Mature July-Sep. x Mature Deep NG Food shortage x NG: Too shallow Juvenile Hatching Juvenile Young Relatively low fishing pressure NG: No mud bed NG: DO is low Young Food shortage Hatching NG: DO is low NG Food shortage Canal Intermediate Nov.-Dec. NG: Temp. is low Alternative Model (Hatching at Early Summer) Needs hatching area restoration 22 Preliminary attempt of habitat census for goby with We are here ! Are you still there ? public participation ? 23 Urban wetland restoration (Asashio Canal) 24 Urban wetland restoration (Asashio Canal) 25 Urban wetland restoration (Asashio Canal) 柵瀬氏描画 26 Urban wetland restoration (Asashio Canal) 柵瀬氏描画 27 Urban wetland restoration (Asashio Canal) 柵瀬氏描画 28 Restoration for Fruitful Life MLIT: sea-blue, green policy, Adaptive m. MOE: Revision of Environment Basic Law FA: 6th industrialization, Tamenteki TB Renaissance Project TB PPP Forum Cases: Shibaura-Island, Furuhama, Odaiba One of Action Plan for Tokyo Bay Restoration Project Habitat Restoration of Urban Wetland • Habitat creation at canal network • Public participation for the project NILIM (Researcher) Consortium for Shibaura Canal Renaissance NPO Academia Research Institutes Private Sector Local Gov. (Stake Holders) 東京都パンフレットよりPort Bureau of Tokyo. (Decision maker) JV Kajima & Ikeda (Contractor) 30 Time Table and Interrelation of Stakeholders Year Sect. 2003 2004 Researcher (Nilim) Developer 2005 2006 2007 Basic Experiment Project started Application Local Gov. Target setting Use Assessment NPO Contractor Public Involvement Planning Designing Construction 31 HWL AP +2.1 AP +1.5 LWL AP +0 32 Concept of Habitat Creation on Seawall Theme: Balance of Ecosystem in niche: Tidal flat for benthos : Production side of Ecosystem Tide pool for fish larvae : Consumption side of Ecosystem 33 Before April 2005 34 Construction Oct. 2005 35 Ｈｉｇｈ Tide Low Tide Completion of Seawall Terrace March 2007 36 Tide Pool Monitoring July, Sep. 2006 37 Fish census in the pool ! 38 a nursery for juvenile fish Pool June, 2006 Sep., 2006 Eel Goby Harder Prawn North 2 154 180 5 South 1 350 400 23 North 0 54 140 2 South 2 65 61 2 39 40 Tidal Flat Creation Sep. 2006 41 Benthos Observation (1/20 m2 ) March Pool A 2007 B Capitel Sand lidae Worm Spio 1 2 12 36 2 20 42 Benthos watch • Seawall • Sediment Observation (1/20 m2 ) March Pool A 2007 B June 2007 B Capitel Sand lidae Worm Spio 1 2 12 36 2 20 - 37 Kajima Co. Ltd. 43 Construction of Pool 17th June 2007 44 45 Fascine (Wooden pile) for pool 46 Prawn habitat with Fascine (Wooden pile) 47 Study at in and out 48 Study at in and out 49 Study at in and out makes monitoring ready! 50 Study at in and out makes monitoring ready! 51 52 53 Green algae DO dabbling duck Foods DO Benthos Larvae Crab, Shrimp young DO Foods Adults little egret Human DO Food Web of the wetland 54 A School visits 55 30-40 school kids in the pool 56 Program for life! 57 a touching pool Fun! Fun! Fun! Urban Wetland with Public Involvement is a New and Useful concept. 58 Blue economy as Global Target Ocean Crisis SDGs BE concept and Effects 5-6 June, 2017 60 61 Co- benefits of SDGs http://www.teebweb.org/sdg-agrifood/ 62 Co- benefits of SDGs 63 Reports 14.7 SIDS・LDCｓ 64 Blue Economy Foundations Industries Services Sustainable Society Environmental Conservation and Restoration Fisheries (incl. Aquaculture) Food Processing Food Security Retail & Distribution Recycle-based Society Transport Safety & Security Leisure Resilience for Cremate Change Resource Management Tourism Marine Debris, Waste Management Maritime Industries (Ecosystem-based) Disaster Risk Reduction Deep Sea Mineral Resources Development Infrastructure Development Education, Research & Development Ocean Governance & International Cooperation Renewable Energy Marine Bio Technology 65 Blue Economy for Fisheries Foundations Industries Environmental Conservation and Restoration Services Sustainable Society Food Processing Food Security Resource Management Fisheries (incl. Aquaculture) Retail & Distribution Infrastructure Development Ocean Governance & International Cooperation Resilience for Cremate Change Transport 66 Blue Economy for sustainable developments Re-cycle based Society Food security Transport Renewable Energy Food Processing Shipping Environment Conservation/ Infrastructure Restoration Fisheries Eco-DRR Retail / Distribution Leisure Tourism Transoport Environment Conservation/ Restoration Ocean Governance FisheriesResource Management International Cooperation Deep Sea Mining Resource Management R&D Adaptation for Marine Bio-technologies Climate Change Marine Debris Waste Management Safety and Resilient Society New Park Planning at Katabira River (帷子川) Mouth with Public Participation 河川用地 潮入りの池 約10.0 ｍ 生態護岸 約7.7 ｍ 約5.5 ｍ 観察デッキ 幅員約1.5ｍ 転落防止柵 高さ 1.1ｍ 石積み 1：05 将来計画 ▽TP+3.10 幅員2.5 ｍ 転落防止柵 高さ 1.1ｍ 転落防止柵 高さ 1.1ｍ 石積み 1：03 ▽TP+3 .1 0 高潮計画潮位 ▽H.H.W.L TP+2.30 S5 4 .1 0 .1 9 被災潮位▽TP+1 .6 4 朔望平均満潮位▽TP+0.90 河川用地 公園用地 生態護岸 約8.9 ｍ 約5.5 ｍ 潮入りの池 約13.5 ｍ 幅員2.5ｍ 幅員約1.5 ｍ 転落防止柵 高さ 1 .2ｍ 石積み 1：05 将来計画 ▽TP+3.10 朔望平均満潮位▽TP+0.90 石積み 1：05 転落防止柵 高さ 1.2 ｍ ▽TP+3.10 自然石 高潮計画潮位 ▽H.H.W.L TP+2.30 S5 4 .1 0 .1 9 被災潮位▽TP+1 .6 4 転落防止柵 高さ 1.2 ｍ 干潟 Sea Side Park Plan with a Tidal Pool 68 New Park Planning at Katabira River (帷子川) Mouth with Public Participation 69 Public Participation Variation of Joy • Search • Surprise • Proud of it Clue for Enjoy • Do the same • Do the deference • Rely and look after 70 Some secrets・・・ Ecosystem Establishment ・Habitats ・Water circulation ・Oxygen and Temperature Access ・Steps, Slopes ・Safety net ・Water, Shade, Toilet 71 Oxygen and Temperature 72 Global Regional Local Human Well-being & Poverty Reduction Indirect Drivers of Change - Health security - Environmental security - Economic security - Cultural Security - Equity Happy Life Decision Making 生息生物観察結果 Ｈ２４．６．２４ ハゼ 雑草 Ecosystem Services 外にはカキ まとめ１ ボラ稚魚、 イソガニ 魚数不明 ユビナガスジエビ テナガエビ ビリンゴ テナガエビ ユビナガスジエビ ボラ - Provisioning (e.g. food, fresh water, fuel, genetic resources) - Regulating (e.g. climate, water, natural hazard mitigation) - Cultural (e.g. spiritual, aesthetic) - Supporting (e.g. primary production, Nutrient cycling) ハゼ・ボラ イソガニ Diversity Privates ボラ ボラ稚魚 カニ護岸に カクベンケイガニ フジツボ コウロエンカワヒバリガイ カニ、フナムシ ヨシ アサリ エビ ボラ モエビ？ ユビナガスジエビ ゴカイ ゴカイ カクベンケイが二 イソガニ ヤマトカワゴカイ フナムシ 壁にモエビ （抱卵） ハゼ ゴカイ ソトオリガイ （衣通貝） 水門口に アサリ ゴカイ ソトオリガイ ソトオリガイ ソトオリガイ スジエビ ボラ ユビナガスジエビ ボラ カニ フジツボ Life on Earth: Biodiversity ボラ、チチブ - Demographic - Economic (e.g. trade, subsides, markets) - Sociopolitical (e.g. governance, institutional & legal framework) - Science & technology - Cultural & religious (e.g. choices about what and much to consume) Human Relation Government Direct Drivers of Change - Changes in local land use and land cover - Species removals and/or invasive introductions - Eutrophication and pollution - Hydraulic infrastructure development - Water abstraction - Climate change Nature Relation Science & Tech. 生息生物 石際にヤマトカワゴカイ RAMSAR Convention, Wise Use of Wetlands, 2007 Start from here! Act /w people Understand /w Science Get Interest /w Joy 75