德国建筑气密性最新发展.pdf

Fachverband Luftdichtheit im Bauwesen e.V. Latest development on airtightness in buildings in Germany 德国建筑气密性最新发展 Dipl.-Ing. (FH)工程硕士 Oliver Solcher Fachverband Luftdichtheit im Bauwesen e.V. 建筑业气密性专业协会 Kekulé str. 2 - 4 12489 Berlin（柏林） solcher@flib.de www.flib.de; www.luftdicht.info 1 Building air tightness in new buildings新建建筑的气密性 The minimum requirements for new buildings in Germany are specified in the Energy Saving Regulation EnEV § 6 Airtightness, Minimum air change New Buildings shall be designed in waý that the heattransferring envelope including the joints is permanently impermeable to air in accordance with the recognized rules of the art. (...) Fachverband Luftdichtheit im Bauwesen e.V. 德国《节能条例》（EnEV）规定了对于新建建筑的最低要求：第6条气密性，最小空气交换率待建建筑的设计施工应按照公认的技术规范对包括接缝在内的建筑围护结构传热表面进行密封，使其长期保持气密。（……） Quelle: http://informationsdienst-holz.de 2 Building air tightness in new buildings建建筑的气密性 (…) If the air tightness is tested according to sentence 1, the proof of airtightness can be taken into account for the calculation required under § 3 (3) and § 4 (3) if the requirements of Appendix 4 are met. The regulation sets limits for buildings depending on the internal volume: < 1.500 m³ : n50,max 1,5/3,0 h-1 > 1.500 m³ : q50,max 2,5/4,5 m³/(h m²) Fachverband Luftdichtheit im Bauwesen e.V. （……）在按照第1句规定对密封性进行检查时，如果遵守了附件4的要求，在进行第3 条第3款和第4条第3款规定的必要计算时，可以参考气密性证明。（……）该条例按照内部容积规定了建筑物的极限值： < 1500 m³：n50,max 1.5/3.0 h-1 > 1500 m³：q50,max 2.5/4.5 m³ /(h m² ) 3 Building air tightness in refurbished buildings改造建筑的气密性 Minimum requirements for modernization of buildings are e.g. stipulated in the funding programs of the state development bank KfW: During the energetic refurbishment to a KfW-efficiency-house, the expert must provide at least the following services and confirm their implementation in accordance with the program: (…) Fachverband Luftdichtheit im Bauwesen e.V. 德国国家开发银行——复兴信贷银行的资助计划等规定了对于改造翻新的最低要求：专家在对建筑进行节能改造，使其成为符合复兴信贷银行规定的节能建筑时，必须提供以下服务并确认其按计划实施：（……） Quelle: www.bba-online.de 4 Building air tightness in refurbished buildings改造建筑的气密性 (…) Planning for building air tightness (airtightness concept) One construction site inspection to check the execution of energy-relevant components and the implementation of the airtightness concept Check blower door test Fachverband Luftdichtheit im Bauwesen e.V. （……）建筑气密性规划设计（气密性方案）视察工地，检查能源相关建筑构件的施工情况以及气密性方案的实施情况检验气密性测量的执行情况 5 Reasons to build airtight 实施气密建筑的理由 Protection of the building construction, DIN 4108:1952 In order to prevent the penetration of (...) water vapor taken from the room air into the interior of the components, it may be usefull to arrange a layer which is least permeable to water vapor as possible (vapor barrier). Energy savings and comfort such as preventing the transmission of smell or sound Fachverband Luftdichtheit im Bauwesen e.V. 保护建筑物， DIN 4108:1952 为了防止从室内空气中吸收的水蒸气（……）渗入建筑构件内部，可以适当地布置一层与之紧密相贴、尽可能不渗透水蒸气的材料层（防潮层）。节约能源，和提高舒适性，比如防止气味或声音的传递 6 Principles of airtight construction 实施建筑气密的原则 DIN 4108-7:2011-01 Air tightness of buildings "The airtightness layer must be carefully planned, tendered and executed. The work is to be coordinated between those involved in the construction.“ That means sufficiently air tight buildings can only be achieved when they are reasonably planned and executed. The compliance with specified air tightness values does not mean that the necessary tightness is given at critical points! Fachverband Luftdichtheit im Bauwesen e.V. DIN 4108-7:2011-01 建筑物的气密性 “应认真谨慎地对气密层进行规划设计、招标和施工。应在现场对各参与方的工作进行协调。” 亦即：只有合理地完成设计施工，建筑物才有可能达到足够的密封性。遵守密封性参数并不意味着关键处一定具备必要的密封性！ 7 Airtightness must be planned from the beginning 气密性必须从一开始就进行设计 Rough concept The rough concept is used to determine at an early stage which components take over the function of airtightness, to define the path of the airtightness layer and to mark the details in the building, which must be planned more detailed later, as part of the detailed planning process. Fachverband Luftdichtheit im Bauwesen e.V. 初步方案初步方案旨在尽早确定哪些建筑构件应承担气密性功能，确定分布走向，标记那些在之后的细节设计中必须进行详细施工设计的建筑物细节。 8 Rough concept初步方案 The relevant details (markings in the sections) are listed with a simple principle sketch incl. the general instructions. In modernization a detailed planning is often not possible until e.g. an opening of the old construction was made. Fachverband Luftdichtheit im Bauwesen e.V. 列出相关细节（在剖面图中标明），须具有简单的原理图及一般性施工须知。在改造时，往往要在较晚的某个时间点，比如在打开一个建筑构件之后，才能够做出细节设计。 9 Detailed planning细节设计 The detailed planning is based on the rough concept and the principle sketches defined therein. Changes in the path of the airtightness leyer, the impermeability of the surfaces or the relevant details must be taken into account. All details are to be described in such a way that they can be implemented. For this purpose, all materials for the execution of joints and connections are to be specified. The details are to be attached to the airtightness concept. Fachverband Luftdichtheit im Bauwesen e.V. 在初步方案和其中所确定原理图的基础上进行细节设计。其中应考虑到气密层的分布走向、表面的密封性及相关细节。所有细节的描述应可以通过施工作业加以实现，还必须确定接缝和连接处施工所需的全部材料。细节应作为附件随附于气密性方案之后。 10 Detailed planning细节设计 Fachverband Luftdichtheit im Bauwesen e.V. Penetrations have to be planned with suitable connection solutions 应以适当的连接办法对穿透孔进行设计。 Connections between components must be made without tension. 构件之间的连接必须无应力。 Permanent tensile forces on adhesive joints and air tightness membranes are to be prevented. Determining the design of the connections: tape, adhesive, sealing gasket, mechanical fastening ATTENTION: Connections require mounting and mounting space. Determination of any necessary additional pretreatment of substrates (such as brushing / sanding, primers 应防止粘合连接处和气密性卷材上出现持续的拉力。确定连接样式：胶带、胶粘剂、密封垫片、机械式固定注意：连接处需要预留安装和固定空间。确定可能需要对基层进行的预处理（例如刷净、磨平、涂底漆等） 11 Tender and placing招标和发包 Goal: The craftsmen should be sensitized for the desired care, therefore the call for tenders should also contain: Path of the airtightness layer in the building sections relevant details / detailed planning Offer must name all materials Checking of the execution Specification of the acceptance point Fachverband Luftdichtheit im Bauwesen e.V. 目标：要使施工人员具有所需要的谨慎态度，因此招标书中还应包含以下内容：建筑剖面图中注明气密层分布走向重要细节 / 细节设计报价必须指明材料施工检查指定验收时间点 12 Checking the execution施工检查 Fachverband Luftdichtheit im Bauwesen e.V. The airtightness leyer is checked by craft and at times when it is still visible and accessible. The check is initially carried out in the course of self-monitoring by the performer. Further checks are carried out by the client. visual inspection Construction blower door test Blower door test after completion of the building 对气密层的检查按工种分别进行，并且应在气密层还可见并可达之时完成。首先在自我监督的过程中由施工人员进行检查。其他检查则由业主完成。目视检查施工同期的密封性检测建筑物竣工后的密封性检测 13 Fachverband Luftdichtheit im Bauwesen e.V. Thank you very much for your interest 非常感谢您的关注 Contact data:联系方式： solcher@flib.de www.flib.de www.luftdicht.info Quelle: Rainer-Sturm_pixelio.de 14